Difference between Supercapacitors and Lithium <span style='color:red'>Batteries</span>
  In the realm of energy storage, two prominent technologies have emerged as frontrunners, each offering unique advantages and catering to diverse applications: supercapacitors and lithium batteries. Both play pivotal roles in powering our modern world, yet their functionalities, characteristics, and applications differ significantly. This article will explain the differences between them: Supercapacitors VS Lithium Batteries.  Supercapacitors: The Power of Rapid Energy DischargeSupercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors or electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), excel in rapid energy discharge and high-power applications. Unlike traditional capacitors, supercapacitors store energy electrostatically, using a porous material with a large surface area to achieve high capacitance. This allows them to deliver bursts of power quickly, making them ideal for applications requiring rapid energy release, such as regenerative braking in vehicles, peak power shaving in electronics, and short-term energy storage solutions.  Lithium Batteries: The Champion of Energy DensityLithium batteries, on the other hand, are renowned for their high energy density, making them a preferred choice for applications requiring extended power supply. These batteries operate based on the movement of lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes during charge and discharge cycles, offering a relatively higher energy storage capacity compared to supercapacitors.  Difference between Supercapacitors and Lithium BatteriesSupercapacitors VS Lithium Batteries: Key FeaturesSupercapacitors:  High Power Density: Supercapacitors boast high power density, enabling them to quickly store and discharge energy. However, their energy density (the amount of energy stored per unit volume) is lower compared to lithium batteries.  Long Cycle Life: They have a longer cycle life than most batteries, enduring hundreds of thousands to millions of charge-discharge cycles without significant degradation.  Fast Charging: Supercapacitors can charge and discharge rapidly, offering quick energy replenishment and release.  Lithium Batteries:  High Energy Density: Lithium batteries have a higher energy density than supercapacitors, allowing them to store more energy per unit volume or weight.  Stable Voltage: They provide a stable voltage output, making them suitable for continuous power supply in various applications, including portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid energy storage.  Longer Discharge Duration: Lithium batteries are designed for longer discharge durations, providing a consistent power supply over extended periods compared to supercapacitors.  Supercapacitors VS Lithium Batteries: ApplicationSupercapacitors find their niche in applications requiring quick bursts of power, such as in hybrid vehicles for regenerative braking, backup power systems, and some wearable electronics.  Lithium batteries dominate in scenarios demanding longer-term energy storage, such as smartphones, laptops, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage systems for renewable energy sources like solar and wind.  Supercapacitors VS Lithium Batteries: ConstructionSupercapacitors store energy electrostatically using two electrodes and an electrolyte. They typically consist of high surface area electrodes (often activated carbon) with a separator and an electrolyte in between.  Lithium-ion batteries store energy through chemical reactions in electrodes made of lithium compounds (like lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate) separated by an electrolyte.  Supercapacitors VS Lithium Batteries: Energy Storage MechanismEnergy is stored as an electrical charge at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte. They have a high surface area, allowing for high capacitance but lower energy density compared to batteries.  Energy is stored in the form of chemical energy within the battery’s electrodes.  Supercapacitors and Lithium Batteries  SummaryBoth supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries have their unique strengths and limitations, making them suitable for different applications based on the specific requirements of power, energy, and lifespan. Integration of both technologies is sometimes seen in systems that require both high power and energy storage capabilities.  The choice between supercapacitors and lithium batteries depends on the specific requirements of the application. Supercapacitors excel in high-power, rapid discharge applications, while lithium batteries offer higher energy density and longer-term energy storage capabilities. As technology advances, efforts are underway to bridge the gap between these technologies, aiming to create hybrid solutions that leverage the strengths of both to meet a broader spectrum of energy storage needs.
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Release time:2024-01-12 15:50 reading:1551 Continue reading>>
AMEYA360:How Smart 3D Electrodes Will Power Next-Gen <span style='color:red'>Batteries</span>
AMEYA360:Murata added four Japanese factories to import self-generating equipment with solar panels and batteries
  To achieve the RE100, Murata will introduce new battery systems at four plants in Japan, which will use 100 percent renewable energy in the future. The four plants that have introduced new battery systems include Sendai Murata Manufacturing Plant (Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture), Ise Murata Manufacturing plant (Tsumi, Mie Prefecture), HAKUI Murata Manufacturing plant (Yuba, Ishikawa Prefecture), and WAKURA Murata Manufacturing Plant (Shichio, Ishikawa Prefecture).  With the goal of achieving a sustainable society, we will continue to promote the renewable energy of the electricity used in the whole business activities of Murata Group and contribute to reducing the environmental load of the regional society. The battery system was first introduced into use in Kanazu Murata Manufacturing Company (Fukui Prefecture Tohara City) in November 2021.  After this introduction, there will be 5 plants operating this system in Japan, and the cumulative CO2 emission reduction will reach 1,897 tons.  The system integrated management of production plan, electricity consumption, weather information, power generation forecast information in large-scale solar panels and battery units, and combined with Murata's unique energy management system, can optimize the use of energy in real time. In the daytime, the system can monitor the increase and decrease of production and the change of weather, but also can efficiently manage the use of self-generated electricity and battery charging and discharging, and reduce the power supply load of the system stably. In addition, the system will charge the battery at night, in case of daytime power demand, help to stabilize the supply load.  In recent years, the rise of sea level and temperature and abnormal weather caused by global warming have become major social issues, and the use of renewable energy has become very important. In particular, it is difficult to predict the supply and demand of electricity in summer and winter in Japan, and the supply network is unstable due to the instability of renewable energy generation. Therefore, companies not only need to promote the use of renewable energy with additionality, but also need to improve the efficiency of energy management. In order to solve such social problems, Murata is making continuous efforts to achieve a sustainable society by optimizing energy use by using battery units as well as solar panels for self-generating electricity.  The storage unit used in this system fully demonstrates the advantages of the secondary batteries of Murata Production, which can realize long-term stable operation.  According to the different weather conditions and production projects, the operation conditions of each village station vary greatly. In the future, we will analyze and accumulate knowledge and experience on the system operation of each stronghold, and strive to extend this system to more business offices and factories.  Murata has identified "Strengthening climate change measures" as an important task and has been promoting the introduction of renewable energy in a bid to contribute to solving global social issues. We strive to achieve the group's total greenhouse gas emission reduction target in business operations, and actively invest in all businesses to promote energy conservation and the use of renewable energy.  In the future, the Murata Group will continue its efforts to promote the use of renewable energy in Japan and overseas locations, and continue to promote measures to combat climate change.
Release time:2023-03-10 11:37 reading:1945 Continue reading>>
Lithium <span style='color:red'>Batteries</span> for EVs: NMC or LFP?
  Among the many commercial battery technologies, lithium-based batteries excel in the two primary energy-storage figures of merit, namely energy density by volume and weight. Of course, the term “lithium battery” really encompasses various chemistry and construction arrangements. Like all batteries, lithium-ion batteries have two electrodes: an anode and a cathode.  NMC VS. LFP  In electric vehicles (EVs), the dominant cathode chemistries are lithium nickel manganese cobalt (LiNixMnyCozO2, designated NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP). Which is the better battery for EVs? As a general statement, NMC batteries offer higher energy capacity than LFP and so might seem to be preferred for EVs where range is a critical parameter, but they are also more expensive.  Cost comparison  How much more? That’s a difficult question to answer since the cost is highly dependent on the fluctuating prices of the underlying commodities which constitute the battery. (Note that “commodity” in this context does not mean “widely, easily available, with little price differentiation” such as light bulbs or even PCs; instead, it refers to a base material which rarely used in its raw form but which is used as a building block or key ingredient.) The iron-based battery cells cost less than the nickel-and-cobalt combination used widely in North America and Europe.  Along with energy density figures, another critical figure of merit for batteries is the cost per stored kilowatt-hour ($/kWh). Although the numbers fluctuate with the changes in commodity pricing, rough estimates are that LFP cells are in the ~$70/kWh range, a significant 30% less than NMC cells at ~$100/kWh.  As part of the effort to build a more affordable electric car, automakers are turning to that lower-cost battery type, but it also delivers less driving range, a major concern in some regions and a much smaller one in others. Several car companies plan to increasingly deploy LFP batteries in the U.S., and they are commonly used in China, the world’s largest market for electric cars.  Market forecast for EV batteries  LFP batteries already comprise 17% of the global EV market and represent a potential path for the mass market, according to the AlixPartners 2022 Global Automotive Outlook (Reference 1). Tesla announced in October 2021 that it was switching to LFP batteries for its standard-range models (Model 3 and Model Y), while retaining the NMC cells for longer-range models. Rivian Automotive, Inc., an emerging maker of smaller electric trucks that is getting lots of Wall Street and other attention will be using LFP batteries in their vehicles.  The forecast for the various battery types is hazy, typical of all such predictions. The conventional thinking was that the “better” NMC batteries would dominate the EV market, but that wisdom may be somewhat incorrect. A report from ARK Investment Management LLC indicates that continued cost declines, nickel supply constraints, and improving EV efficiency should propel the market share of LFP cells from roughly 33% in 2021 to ~47% by 2026, Figure and Reference 2. (Of course, there are countless such forecasts out there and you can undoubtedly find one which provides the answer you are seeking if you have an agenda!)  Among the many available forecasts, ARK Investment Management LLC projects that the market share of lower-cost LFP batteries will grow from roughly 33% in 2021 to about 47% by 2026.  Of course, all these forecasts have to be taken with a huge grain of salt, as the cliché goes. For example, the equity analyst who leads global EV battery research at UBS Group AG, now expects EVs equipped with LFP batteries to account for 40% of the global market by 2030, up from a previous forecast of 15% (Reference 3). (Incidentally, this is an excellent example of forecasters saying, “oh well, never mind what we said then”!)  If energy density and cost were the only issues, the decision of which battery chemistry to use in EVs or even non-vehicular situations would be tricky but have only a few variables. Reality is quite different, however, as there are many geopolitical, supply chain, and other technical factors that complicate the assessment:  • The supply chain for LFP cells is heavily concentrated in China, leaving automakers more dependent on Chinese battery supplies at a time when the industry is trying to wean itself from dependence on China for EV technology.  • Automakers are trying to limit the use of cobalt in response to environmental and human rights violations in cobalt mining in Congo, where the majority of the metal is produced.  • Russia is a large supplier of high-grade nickel used in batteries.  • LFP is well-suited to situations where the vehicle is frequently recharged and there is room for a physically larger pack; delivery vehicles are a good fit.  • LFPs have lower manufacturing costs and are easier to produce.  • LFPs can be charged to 100% without degrading battery life; in contrast, NMC cells should be limited to 80% to maximize life. This means that the actual effective range of an EV using LFP cells is close to one with NMC cells, but there’s greater weight penalty of the LFP negates that factor to a large extent. However, for applications such as tools or fixed-in-place machinery where weight is not as critical, LFPs can provide longer run time after a full charge.  • LFPs can operate effectively over a wide temperature range, especially on the low end. On the other side, they are slower to charge at lower temperatures.  • LFPs deliver nearly five times as many charge cycles as NMCs and suffer less degradation at higher temperatures and at faster charge/discharge rates, so they are better suited to handle high-performance driving and quick charging.  No doubt of it: There are a lot of cross-currents here and the entire NMC-versus-LFP situation is fluid and dynamic, with dependencies on many non-engineering factors as well as purely technical ones. Further, battery pricing is driven by short-term commodity pricing bumping into long-term contracts between supplies and customers.  Summary and conclusion  How you assess and quantify the battery technology and market situation depends to a large extent on where you are coming from. The forecasts and numbers are all over the place, partially due to the fact that different market analyses use a variety of criteria and metrics for various reasons.  Here’s what I wonder: given the uncertainties and importance of the battery pack to EV performance, perhaps in the near future manufacturers will list a suggested retail price for the EV itself without any battery at all, and then offer customers a choice between two or three battery-chemistries for a given vehicle – with the battery pack price being updated weekly or monthly. There is some historical precedent: back in the day, you could get some consumer products with lower-end carbon-zinc primary (non-rechargeable) battery packs or pay a modest premium for the better alkaline-battery packs.  When it comes to batteries, there is only one thing we all know for sure (except for some politicians, apparently, who believe they can legislate battery progress): battery technology is not guided by anything like Moore’s law which has defined semiconductor technology for 50+ years.  What’s your view on the mid- or long-term viability of LFP versus NMC-based batteries for EVs and even non-EV applications? Will the markets become highly fragmented, or will one type come to dominate?
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Release time:2023-01-18 11:32 reading:1951 Continue reading>>
Ameya360:Lithium <span style='color:red'>Batteries</span> for EVs: NMC or LFP?
  Among the many commercial battery technologies, lithium-based batteries excel in the two primary energy-storage figures of merit, namely energy density by volume and weight. Of course, the term “lithium battery” really encompasses various chemistry and construction arrangements. Like all batteries, lithium-ion batteries have two electrodes: an anode and a cathode.  NMC VS. LFP  In electric vehicles (EVs), the dominant cathode chemistries are lithium nickel manganese cobalt (LiNixMnyCozO2, designated NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP). Which is the better battery for EVs? As a general statement, NMC batteries offer higher energy capacity than LFP and so might seem to be preferred for EVs where range is a critical parameter, but they are also more expensive.  Cost comparison  How much more? That’s a difficult question to answer since the cost is highly dependent on the fluctuating prices of the underlying commodities which constitute the battery. (Note that “commodity” in this context does not mean “widely, easily available, with little price differentiation” such as light bulbs or even PCs; instead, it refers to a base material which rarely used in its raw form but which is used as a building block or key ingredient.) The iron-based battery cells cost less than the nickel-and-cobalt combination used widely in North America and Europe.  Along with energy density figures, another critical figure of merit for batteries is the cost per stored kilowatt-hour ($/kWh). Although the numbers fluctuate with the changes in commodity pricing, rough estimates are that LFP cells are in the ~$70/kWh range, a significant 30% less than NMC cells at ~$100/kWh.  As part of the effort to build a more affordable electric car, automakers are turning to that lower-cost battery type, but it also delivers less driving range, a major concern in some regions and a much smaller one in others. Several car companies plan to increasingly deploy LFP batteries in the U.S., and they are commonly used in China, the world’s largest market for electric cars.  MARKET FORECAST FOR EV BATTERIES  LFP batteries already comprise 17% of the global EV market and represent a potential path for the mass market, according to the AlixPartners 2022 Global Automotive Outlook (Reference 1). Tesla announced in October 2021 that it was switching to LFP batteries for its standard-range models (Model 3 and Model Y), while retaining the NMC cells for longer-range models. Rivian Automotive, Inc., an emerging maker of smaller electric trucks that is getting lots of Wall Street and other attention will be using LFP batteries in their vehicles.  The forecast for the various battery types is hazy, typical of all such predictions. The conventional thinking was that the “better” NMC batteries would dominate the EV market, but that wisdom may be somewhat incorrect. A report from ARK Investment Management LLC indicates that continued cost declines, nickel supply constraints, and improving EV efficiency should propel the market share of LFP cells from roughly 33% in 2021 to ~47% by 2026, Figure and Reference 2. (Of course, there are countless such forecasts out there and you can undoubtedly find one which provides the answer you are seeking if you have an agenda!)  Among the many available forecasts, ARK Investment Management LLC projects that the market share of lower-cost LFP batteries will grow from roughly 33% in 2021 to about 47% by 2026.  Among the many available forecasts, ARK Investment Management LLC projects that the market share of lower-cost LFP batteries will grow from roughly 33% in 2021 to about 47% by 2026.  Of course, all these forecasts have to be taken with a huge grain of salt, as the cliché goes. For example, the equity analyst who leads global EV battery research at UBS Group AG, now expects EVs equipped with LFP batteries to account for 40% of the global market by 2030, up from a previous forecast of 15% (Reference 3). (Incidentally, this is an excellent example of forecasters saying, “oh well, never mind what we said then”!)
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Release time:2023-01-13 14:47 reading:1850 Continue reading>>
Ameya360:Panasonic <span style='color:red'>Batteries</span> CR Non-Rechargeable Lithium Metal <span style='color:red'>Batteries</span>
Demand for xEV <span style='color:red'>Batteries</span> Grow Steadily, but Chinese xEV Battery Market Faces Reshuffle as Subsidies Phase Out
  According to the latest research by EnergyTrend, a division of TrendForce, the market of new energy vehicle will continue to grow steadily, driving the demand for xEV batteries, despite the slowdown in global automotive market since 2018. The global demand for lithium-ion batteries used in new energy passenger cars is estimated to reach 155GWh in 2019, a growth of 63% from 95GWh in 2018.  According to Duff Lu, senior research manager of EnergyTrend, China has become the world's fastest-growing market for new energy vehicles driven by the government’s subsidies and supporting policies. After a rapid growth in 1H18, the shipments of new energy cars in China slowed down in 2H18, moderating the demand in the xEV battery industry as well. However, with increasing penetration of new energy vehicles, the demand for lithium-ion batteries used in new energy passenger cars in China will grow to 54GWh in 2019, a growth of nearly 80% from 30GWh in 2018.  In terms of supply, the production capacity of xEV battery in China has surpassed 134GWh by the end of 2018, and has a chance to reach 164GWh in 2019. Amid the oversupply and phasing out of subsidies from the Chinese government, the industry has been faced with a reshuffle since the second half of 2018. Major manufacturers have grown stronger at the expense of the demise of smaller companies. Leading players like Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) and BYD continue to expand, while less competitive ones who rely too much on regional markets, such as OptimumNano Energy, may have to exit the market during the market reshuffle.  EnergyTrend expects that, with new capacity entering operation in 2019, the xEV battery industry will become more concentrated. The top five battery manufacturers would continue to grow and become the major suppliers. Subsidies from the Chinese government will be phased out by 2020, but before that, the industry will still depend on the subsidies to cover their R&D costs for advanced battery technologies. Manufacturers need to continue the development of high energy density solutions, building up competitiveness, before the electric vehicle market enters the maturity stage.
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Release time:2019-01-25 00:00 reading:4761 Continue reading>>
SolarEdge to Acquire Komam, a provider of Li-ion Cells, <span style='color:red'>Batteries</span>, and Energy Storage Solutions
SolarEdge Technologies announced today that it has entered into definitive agreements to acquire a major stake in Kokam Co., Ltd. Headquartered in South Korea, Kokam is a provider of Lithium-ion battery cells, batteries and energy storage solutions.Founded in 1989, Kokam has been manufacturing Lithium-ion cells and providing reliable, safe, high-performance battery solutions for the past twenty-nine years. Kokam provides battery solutions for a wide-variety of industries, including ESS (energy storage systems), UPS, electric vehicles (EV), aerospace, marine and more.“The acquisition of Kokam will enable us to grow our offering, adding already proven battery storage to our product portfolio,” said Guy Sella, CEO, Chairman and Founder of SolarEdge. “Our technological innovation combined with Kokam’s world-class team and renowned battery storage solutions, will enable seamless integration with our current solutions, taking us a further step toward making solar installations smarter and more beneficial.”The acquisition of approximately 75% of outstanding equity shares of Kokam reflects an aggregate investment of approximately $88 million, including related transaction expenses. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and is expected to close in the coming weeks.Over time, the Company intends to purchase the remaining outstanding equity shares of Kokam that are currently listed on the Korean over the counter exchange through open-market purchases and otherwise, eventually resulting in Kokam becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of SolarEdge.
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Release time:2018-10-17 00:00 reading:1206 Continue reading>>
High lifecycles for batteries with doughnut-shaped lithium sulphide
Prices of Lithium-ion <span style='color:red'>Batteries</span> to Increase by 5~15% in 3Q18 Due to Rising Costs of Materials
Cobalt prices have reached another record high in 1Q18, according to the data from EnergyTrend, a division of TrendForce. As the result, the prices of lithium-ion battery cells are estimated to increase by 5~15% QoQ in 3Q18, but would have a chance to remain flat in the fourth quarter.According to Duff Lu, senior research manager of EnergyTrend, the overall prices of IT batteries have been growing since 2Q18 due to the rising costs of materials in 1Q18, but the growth was more moderate than expected as some battery makers had stocked up in advance. However, the price growth would be steeper in 3Q18. Particularly, prismatic cells, cylindrical cells, and polymer cells would witness a QoQ price growth of 6~8%, 7~9%, and 10~15% respectively. In addition to rising material costs, the increase of cylindrical cell prices is also due to the undersupply of this cell type as a result of decreasing production capacity of suppliers.Manufacturers of key battery system components have allocated increasing capacity to automotive components, which has squeezed capacity for capacitance. In addition to capacitance, the impact on production capacity has been expanded to passive components such as resistors and inductor. In 3Q18, resistors are expected to see a QoQ price rise of 5~10%, the highest among all the components. As for capacitance, it would see a small price increase of 3~5%, because automotive components have occupied some of the production capacity that is originally for IT applications.In terms of battery technology development, some manufacturers have introduced solutions with a higher ratio of nickel or higher voltage to increase the energy density. However, a higher ratio of nickel brings along higher requirements for material structure stability and better conditions for the battery cell manufacturing process. Therefore, suppliers of high-nickel cells are mainly based in Japan. As for high-voltage solutions, they are commonly used in digital products. Chinese battery cell manufacturers have begun to cut into this field.As for the market of cobalt, it previously experienced a price hike, because the market expected the rapid development of China's new energy vehicles to boost the cobalt demand. However, the demand from China is not expected to influence the global demand-supply situation of cobalt significantly in the near term. This is because the global demand for cobalt is around 110,000 to 120,000 tons per year currently, of which only about 7,000 to 8,000 tons come from new energy vehicles in China. EnergyTrend notes that the issue of illnesses related to cobalt mining in Congo may affect the production capacity of this metal. Meanwhile, the introduction of high-nickel solutions to the market in 3Q18 would also have certain impacts on cobalt demand. The two factors would jointly affect the future price trend of cobalt.
Release time:2018-08-09 00:00 reading:1057 Continue reading>>

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