x86 Server CPUs Remain Market Mainstream, 7nm Platform May Help AMD to Increase Market Share
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x86 Server CPUs Remain Market Mainstream, 7nm Platform May Help AMD to Increase Market Share

DRAMeXchange, a division of TrendForce, notes that x86 continues to be the mainstream architecture for server CPUs this year, with Intel and AMD being the market leaders. Particularly, Intel dominantly represents around 98% of the total server CPU shipments worldwide in 2018. For the next year, the market share of AMD x86 server CPUs is expected to go up to 5%, after the company’s introduction of 7nm CPUs to the market.“Generally speaking, Intel will remain the leader in server CPU market”, says Mark Liu, senior analyst from DRAMeXchange. However, competitions will come from AMD, who is on pace to migrate to more advanced processes and to offer solutions with better performances and lower power consumption. AMD’s solutions have been adopted by a small scale of cloud service providers like Baidu, Ali Cloud and AWS. AMD may have a chance to scale up in volumes after 7nm products are launched in the future.Purley Gen 2 remains in 14nm process, AMD 7nm solutions may be released in 2H19The latest survey of mainstream server CPU platforms finds that the market penetration rate of product lines based on Intel Purley Gen 1 (Sky Lake) has already reached 60% and is estimated to reach 65% at the end of 2018. Current consumers of Sky Lake products are mainly cloud service providers and alike, which require high-performance computing server products.In terms of product plan for the next year, Purley Gen 2 Cascade Lake will be still produced on 14nm process, the same as Gen 1. The new solution will not become the market mainstream until 2H19. For customized premium products, Intel will release Cascade Lake Xeon-AP (Advance Performance) in 2019. Currently, this product line still remains in the stage of verifying, so its small-scale market release will be delayed to the end of 2019.Around 70% of AMD's product lines have been transferred to new EPYC systems this year, while the company’s Naples solutions have migrated from 28/32nm to 14nm process, with computing performance improved significantly. However, AMD takes only about 2% in the current server CPU market. This is because AMD provides mainly 1-socket solutions, and the limited offerings have constrained the company’s market expansion compared with Intel.AMD's new solution, Rome, will migrate to the 7nm process. The company will also switch from GlobalFoundries to TSMC for future collaboration of product development on 7nm process. Previous problems of high power consumption will also be corrected. The Rome platform server processors are expected to enter production in 1Q19 and have a chance to come onto the market in the second half of next year.DRAMeXchange notes that the penetration of new platforms may drive the average content per box in servers. In 2019, the average density of DRAM in a server will see an annual growth of 25% YoY, significantly lower than almost 40% growth in 2018.
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Release time：2018-11-29 00:00 reading：1060 Continue reading>>
x86 in the '20s: Intel and Keller
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x86 in the '20s: Intel and Keller

Jim Keller made AMD profitable again with Zen design - can he revitalize Intel and x86?In part through the luck of being tied Microsoft’s operating systems, Intel’s processor architecture came to dominate the PC. Through years of its own hard work, Intel unseated a host of powerful, entrenched Linux server processors to dominate the data center, too.But with the exception of a solid foothold in iPhone modems today, the x86 missed the smartphone boom. Now it finds itself at the start of an era where machine learning is rewriting the rules of computing in ways that could reformat the landscape of microprocessors.Past leaders are routinely unseated in technology transitions as new leaders emerge. Fighting that tide will take all the skill and luck Intel’s managers and engineers can muster.So far, chief executive Brian Krzanich has done a decent job of turning the giant corporate cruise ship to face the coming waves of change. He brought in Venkata "Murthy" Renduchintala from Qualcommin late 2015 to shake up the Intel organization. More recently, he acquired Movidius, Nervana,MobilEye and Altera, giving Intel an arsenal of AI architectures.Now someone needs to make sense of what goes where, when and how. That’s a great job description for Keller, who left Tesla to join Intel in late April.Keller led the Zen x86 core design that is now bringing AMD back to profitability, as well as its K8 Athlon years earlier. In between, he worked at two chip startups, did a tour of duty at Broadcom and designed SoCs for iPhones and iPads while at Apple.But as they say, past performance is no guarantee of future success. Intel’s cultural momentum is a huge force to fight. It’s still not clear how AI will reshape computing. And other big forces are at play.Intel also faces the slowdown in CMOS scaling. The main engine of past growth for Intel and the whole semiconductor industry is now showing its age as even Intel’s own fabs struggle to ramp a 10nm node.Meanwhile, the chip market is headed into an era of hyper-fragmentation. No one system has emerged to approach the size and significance of the PC and smartphone. So, tomorrow’s companies will have to struggle for design wins in many different sectors simultaneously — from IoT end nodes and smartwatches to self-driving cars, data center networks and everything in between.It’s quite a set of interwoven challenges that I have no doubt folks like Jim Keller understand well. Like many others, I have the privilege of sitting in the stands, fascinated to watch what will emerge in the next three to five years before Keller finally retires — or moves on to his next big challenge.
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Release time：2018-05-08 00:00 reading：1092 Continue reading>>
Power 9 May Dent x86 Servers
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Power 9 May Dent x86 Servers

　　Ten system makers showed servers using IBM’s Power 9 processor here amid expectations of rising sales for the x86 alternative. Their momentum will make, at best, a small dent in the market that Intel dominates, but their targets include one of its most lucrative segments — machine-learning jobs in the data center.　　Google, an early partner in IBM’s Open Power initiative, announced that it is expanding its tests of Power 9 systems. An engineer leading the effort said that, given the search giant’s investments in the architecture, it hopes to move at least some Power systems into production use this year.　　China’s Alibaba and Tencent are also testing Power 9. Tencent said that Power 9 is delivering 30% more performance than the x86 while using fewer servers and racks.　　At least one web giant is expected to announce production use of Power 9 systems this year. In addition, at least one top-tier server maker is quietly delivering Power systems to one data center, said Ken King, who manages the Open Power initiative for Big Blue.　　IBM’s corporate aim is to win within four years at least 20% of the sockets for Linux servers sold for $5,000 or more, said King. IBM’s Power roadmap calls for annual processor upgrades in 14 nm through 2019 and a Power 10 slated for some time after 2020 — leaving room for a possible 7-nm chip in 2020, shown two years ago.　　Power 9 should do better than its predecessors given its costs, bandwidth, and ease of porting. Power 9 is IBM’s first to use standard DIMMs, opening a door to other standard components that are, overall, cutting system costs by 20% to 50% compared to the Power 8, said IBM’s partners.　　The proprietary NVLink 2.0 that can connect Power 9 to multiple Nvidia Volta GPUs provides a bandwidth edge over the x86. Many of the new Power 9 systems aim to leverage the Nvidia GPU’s dominance in training neural networks to win adoption in large data center operators for AI jobs.　　Indeed, one of three areas where Google sees promise for Power 9 is as a superior host teamed up with an accelerator such as its TPU. Power 9 also supports many cores and threads, factors closely tied to performance on Google search tasks, said Maire Mahony, a Google system engineer who serves as treasurer for the Open Power Foundation.　　At a separate event, IBM announced that it is making its Power 9 servers with Nvidia GPUs available as a cloud service for deep-learning jobs. It claimed that four of the new servers beat 89 Google Cloud servers by 39x in a terabyte-sized AI advertising benchmark.　　The shift with Power 8 to an x86 like little-endian structure is giving the architecture a software boost. Developers said that Linux x86 applications can now be recompiled to run on Power, sometimes with no other changes.　　A mix of second- and third-tier server makers such as Atos, Inspur, Supermicro, and Wistron showed Power 9 systems at the Open Power Summit here. Cavium, Mellanox, and others showed cards plugging into its OpenCAPI bus, while Broadcom and others showed cards for its PCI Express Gen 4 interconnects.　　Inspur, one of IBM’s most bullish OEMs, believes that it could sell 500 Power 9 systems in China this year and perhaps 2,000 next year, mainly targeting web giants. Wistron, an unbranded design arm of Taiwan’s Acer and an IBM partner since the Power 5, believes that Power 9 will drive double-digit growth in its Power business that makes up about 5% of its total revenues.　　Hitachi’s efforts are focused on national research efforts in Japan that are long-time customers of its big Power systems. It offers a Fortran compiler for Power 9 that can optimize parallelism and will sell systems overseas.　　Raptor Computing Systems showed Power 9 desktops, workstations, and servers enhanced for security leveraging the chip’s open-firmware specs. System design delays forced the cancellation of Power 8 plans for both Raptor and data-center specialist Rackspace, but both companies were bullish on their new Power 9 products.　　Some of the third-party systems are available now, with others coming by July. For its part, IBM started shipping its first Power 9 server in December and plans to release six more by the end of the month.　　After Oracle cancelled development of its Sparc processors, IBM and ARM are the last major providers of alternative architectures. However, AMD’s resurgence over the last year with its Zen x86 processor has dulled some of the edge of the need for a second source.　　When IBM launched the Open Power intuitive about five years ago, it thought that most of its customers would be chip designers. Now it believes that its customers will be almost entirely made up of systems OEMs.　　The Power-compatible chip “path is still there, but [given high chip-design costs,] it’s not the big differentiator … now I/O is the differentiator, and cores and caches have become the plumbing,” said Brad McCredie, an IBM fellow who heads up Power system development.　　Today, Suzhou PowerCore remains the only announced Power-compatible chipmaker. IBM’s King said that other chip deals are in the works, mainly for organizations that serve government users, including an exascale supercomputer project in Europe.　　China’s microprocessor clones have generally not had strong market traction, said one Inspur manager. The ARM-based Phytium from China Electronics Corp., like the PowerCorp chip, generally serves China government users. An x86-compatible from Zhaoxin in Shanghai has gotten little traction despite a design win at Lenovo, he said.　　In the U.S., IBM is building Summit, a 200-peraflops Power 9 system for Oak Ridge National Labs. It will pack 4,608 nodes, each with two Power 9 CPUs and six Nvidia V100 GPUs when it goes live late this year.　　“New supercomputers are not necessarily faster, but they are wider,” said Jack Wells, a science director at Oak Ridge, pointing to the high bandwidth of the 13-megawatt system.　　Ride-sharing company Uber aims to be one of Summit’s early users. It will use the giant system to run Horovod, a library for distributed deep-learning frameworks. Uber researcher Alex Sergeev described it as “a first exascale deep-learning workload,” exercising the system’s three exaflops in 16-bit peak floating-point performance.
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Release time：2018-03-21 00:00 reading：1015 Continue reading>>

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