<span style='color:red'>Sprint</span>, T-Mobile set to announce a $26 billion merger
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Sprint, T-Mobile set to announce a $26 billion merger

T-Mobile is closing in on a deal to merge with Sprint that will value Sprint near its current market price of $6.50 per share, according to people familiar with the matter.The $26 billion deal could be announced as soon as Sunday, said the people, who asked not to be named because the negotiations are private. No deal has been signed and talks could still fall apart, said the people. The sides have agreed on an exact exchange ratio, although that figure couldn't immediately be determined.SoftBank, which owns about 85 percent of Sprint, will allow Deutsche Telekom, which owns almost two-thirds of T-Mobile, to consolidate the new company's earnings, said the people.A deal, if reached, would conclude several years of negotiations between the companies. Talks most recently broke off late last year after SoftBank CEO Masayoshi Son decided he didn't want to lose control of a combined company.Several things changed over the last few months that led Son to change his mind, including greater synergies from lower corporate taxes, an increased understanding of how much 5G deployment will cost Sprint, and a rapidly changing competitive wireless landscape that now includes cable providers, the people said. Last week, Comcast andCharter, the two largest U.S. cable companies, announced an extended partnership agreement that will allow each company to develop products and services.A deal announcement doesn't mean a merger will actually happen. Combining the third- and fourth-largest wireless U.S. providers in a market with only four participants — Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile and Sprint — could be a hard sell for U.S. regulators. AT&T attempted to buy T-Mobile in 2011, only to have regulators block it on anti-competitive grounds.
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Release time：2018-04-28 00:00 reading：1115 Continue reading>>
FCC Head Says ‘Free,’ <span style='color:red'>Sprint</span> Boss Says ‘Pay’
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FCC Head Says ‘Free,’ Sprint Boss Says ‘Pay’

　　BARCELONA — Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Chairman Ajit Pai did his best here on Monday at the Mobile World Congress to direct scrutiny away from his successful but unbeloved effort to reverse “net neutrality” in the United States, but he lost the struggle when a loyal ally declared that telecommunications companies have the right to charge internet users at different rates for different service speeds.　　In a keynote session at the conference, Marcelo Claure, CEO of Sprint, said, “I don’t think there is anything wrong with charging more for a faster track for faster traffic … some customers are willing to pay more for faster service.”　　He added, “Consumers like it that way. Some are willing to spend more than others, and consumers make that decision.”　　This sentiment, from a supporter of the FCC chief, echoes much of what Pai has long argued about the virtues of market-driven regulation. However, in speaking so bluntly, Claure undressed the assurances by Pai that the internet would remain “free and open.”　　Pai has said this repeatedly despite last year’s 3–2 vote to reverse the FCC’s 2015 decision — under previous Chairman Tom Wheeler — to treat the internet as a “common carrier” like radio and terrestrial television, under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934.　　Charging for elite internet services　　Before Claure’s admission that the four surviving U.S. telecommunications giants — Sprint, AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon — are entitled to begin charging for elite internet services, Pai made the case for what he called “modern, light-touch, market-based regulation.”　　“The government’s role is not to command and control,” said Pai, “but to enable.” As he has done often before, he characterized the Wheeler FCC’s Title II “common carrier” designation as an “unnecessary, heavy-handed, utility-style” intrusion into a market better suited to private enterprise enabled by cooperation between regulators and internet service providers (ISPs) like Verizon, Pai’s former employer.　　Pai, arguing for the reversal of a “net neutrality” policy that is overwhelmingly popular among internet users, insisted that the FCC’s vote “restored the same basic framework that the government applied to the internet for most of its history.” He promised, “We had a free and open internet before 2015, and we will have a free and open internet in the future.”　　Asked by keynote moderator, Kristie Lu Stout of CNN, why the FCC chose to buck public opinion on this decision, Pai pleaded public ignorance. “I would hope,” he said, “that public opinion, over time, will base more on the facts.”　　Pai got a slightly backhanded validation for his position from a fellow panelist, GSMA Chairman Suni Bharti Mittal, founder of Bharti Enterprises, an Indian telecom conglomerate. Mittal noted that the internet must conform to “market forces.” If a telecommunications company “misbehaves,” Mittal asserted, “the customer will drop him.”　　Internet users shouldn’t worry, even if they have to start paying up, suggsted Mittal. “The market is perfectly working. This fear is exaggerated. Markets are safe.”　　Push back from the EC　　Among a panel generally sympathetic to Pai’s position, the only significant pushback came from Andrus Ansip of the European Commission, who said in his own presentation that he would “continue to protect and defend net neutrality in Europe.”　　Ansip added, “The internet cannot be a digital motorway for a lucky few while everyone else is relegated to a digital dirt track.”　　However, asked by CNN’s Stout whether the EU opposes the current FCC policy, he said that such decisions are best left to the Americans. He added, however, that “fragmentation” — the creation of a hodgepodge of state-based internet regulatory regimes — might be an unintended consequence of Pai’s “light touch.”　　The EU is already dealing with such splinter movements among member countries.　　FCC will auction 5G-ready wireless spectrum　　The lengthy discussion of net neutrality on Monday overwhelmed efforts by Chairman Pai to “filibuster” on other issues facing the FCC with the advent of the 5G cellular communications standard, including a shortage of available broadband spectrum and a U.S. utility infrastructure that is not ready for the demands of 5G.　　Most critical, noted Pai, is that Congress must vote by May 13 to authorize a crucial series of spectrum auctions — 5G-ready 3.7–4.2 GHz and mmWave spectrum from 24 GHz and up — scheduled to begin in November. If the vote fails, the auctions will be delayed, affecting 5G deployment across the United States.　　Pai expressed guarded optimism about “bipartisan” support for the approval.　　However, as CNN’s Stout noted, legal actions over net neutrality have been filed in state and federal courts. While the “reg-lite” faction pushes for fast-track action on Pai’s spectrum and infrastructure agenda in Congress, a wave of litigation threatens to bring the whole program down to dial-up speed.
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Release time：2018-02-28 00:00 reading：1132 Continue reading>>
5G <span style='color:red'>Sprint</span> Led by Marathon Man
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5G Sprint Led by Marathon Man

　　Wanshi Chen is on the hot seat for 5G.　　The chairman of the 3GPP’s RAN1 committee is tasked with delivering by the end of the year a draft for the next-generation cellular radio. The spec will form the blueprint for silicon needed to make the first standard 5G connection.　　On one side, carriers and their vendors are calling for the specs ASAP so they can test and launch 5G services as early as next year. On the other side, as many as 800 engineers are showing up at meetings of Chen’s group, submitting as many as 3,000 proposals per meeting in hopes of getting a feature in the spec.　　“Some sessions have run as late as 1 a.m., but a typical day is 12 hours,” said Chen, a principal engineer at Qualcomm who was elected chair of RAN1 in August after nine years attending meetings, four of them as a vice chair.　　“We only have two [plenary] meetings to go and tons of stuff to work out. It’s hard to predict how late the meetings will run … I hope we can make it. In the last meeting, people tried to emphasize the sense of urgency.”　　In an effort to increase their chances of finishing on time, engineers agreed at that meeting two weeks ago in Sapporo, Japan, to postpone until June at least 10 features originally in the spec. “I expected more reduction of the scope … it’s not to the level I’d like to see … [the still-large feature set] makes it difficult for me to get things done,” he said.　　(For a full list of proposed and postponed features, find and click on document RP-172108 at this 3GPP page.)　　The idea is to capture in the December draft everything required in hardware. “Anything after December has to be optional … with no hardware impact, but it’s hard to be 100% sure we’ve done the full due diligence … different features have different interest levels from different operators and vendors,” he said. “It’s hard to converge.”　　Given the uncertainty, Verizon and KT (formerly Korea Telecom) launched separate efforts developing their own specs. KT defined in June 2016 its Pyeongchang spec named for the county where it aims to provide 5G-like services during the Winter Olympics in February.　　For its part, Verizon rallied Cisco, Ericsson, Intel, Nokia, Samsung, and others around its 5GTF in late 2015. The spec aims to be the foundation for a last-mile wireless service for consumers that Verizon hopes to switch on next year.　　“We had to have something to test … the 3GPP timing is still suspect,” said Sanyogita Shamsunder, executive director of 5G ecosystem planning at Verizon, in a brief interview on the show floor of the Mobile World Congress Americas earlier this month.　　“We will track [the 3GPP work] and we want to work with the ecosystem, but we don’t want it to be the long pole, so we will continue to develop 5GTF,” she said, noting that she still has an option of using either one as the basis for planned 5G fixed-wireless access services next year.　　Efforts at Verizon and KT helped motivate a consensus earlier this year to accelerate the 3GPP effort. At that time, a majority of stakeholders agreed to move the date for completing the first draft of the radio spec to December 2017, up from June 2018.　　“We think we will see real 5G in mobility in 2019 … a year ago or less, it would have been 2020 or 2021,” said Rick Corker, head of Nokia in North America, one of Verizon’s top vendors.　　Major developers of 5G silicon such as Ericsson, Intel, Nokia, and Qualcomm have all started work on chips. They need the final spec before they can freeze feature sets and start implementing their designs. To date, they have been providing carrier systems using FPGAs for their trials.　　“The amount of pressure to have a spec to let silicon be developed is enormous,” said Michael Murphy, chief technology officer for Nokia North America. “With all the comments and change requests, it’s very, very challenging for the chair to manage.”　　The tight deadline cuts into the time that engineers have to run simulations in the lab between 3GPP meetings, work that sometimes spawns new proposals. “As engineers, we want to get it right,” said John Smee, who works on 5G at Qualcomm Research. “These days, everything is simulated and evaluated.”　　“Just from an engineering perspective, I’d rather have the deadlines more relaxed,” said Chen, who is taking a practical approach to the challenge.　　For example, he asked participants from multiple companies to team up on proposals, hoping to spark strategic compromises. He also started assigning engineers to act as lead representatives for features “to manage and summarize what needs to be addressed and lead offline discussions so online talks can be more focused,” said Chen.　　“Discussions can get out of control. The last meeting was my first as chair, so I provided a lot of my thoughts on how RAN1 should be managed, how online and offline discussions should be carried out, and how contributions should be written.”　　“The key thing is making meetings more efficient and contributions more self-contained with the background needed for good solid proposals,” he added. “People want to hold on to their own proposals, but when it comes to compromise, there’s a good spirit of being flexible.”　　To manage his own stress, Chen tries to start his day with a run of about six miles.　　“I’m a very good runner,” said Chen, who finished the Boston Marathon in three hours and eight minutes back in April, about the time that the 5G schedule was kicked into high gear. “This pressure has cut into my mileage a little, but it’s still an effective way to relieve the stress.”
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Release time：2017-09-29 00:00 reading：1221 Continue reading>>

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