一文了解阿伦尼乌斯寿命模型

Release time:2025-05-16
author:AMEYA360
source:网络
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  Arrhenius,阿伦尼乌斯,提出了一个表征芯片使用寿命的计算模型,即阿伦尼乌斯寿命模型。透过验证晶体管在特定偏置电压和温度下的工作时长(HTOL),来折算出芯片的使用寿命。通过在汽车行业的统计观察,阿伦尼乌斯寿命模型得到半导体行业的普遍认可。

  阿伦尼乌斯模型是瑞典化学家阿伦尼乌斯于1889年在大量的化学反应数据基础上总结出来的,它表明在化学反应过程中反应速率与反应温度的关系。在一定范围内,温度越大,反应速率越高。

  测试条件和公式是这样的(基于汽车行业的统计值,汽车15年内平均运行时间为tu=12000小时,运行时平均环境下结温Tu为87°C):

一文了解阿伦尼乌斯寿命模型

  不同级别的芯片,所做的有偏压高温运行寿命(High Temperature Operating Life)、即HTOL测试条件是不同的,按照JESD22-A108规范,通常按照如下的约定条件来做测试:

一文了解阿伦尼乌斯寿命模型

  将这些测试条件带入到阿伦尼乌斯公式,就可以计算出芯片的理论使用寿命,通常消费级的理论计算寿命不到5年,而车轨级产品要保证至少15年;工业级产品通常也会采用125°C/1000hrs的条件做HTOL测试,理论使用寿命也能达到15年。需要注意这里仅仅是理论值,并不表示芯片过了这个时间点“阵亡”了。

  当然阿伦尼乌斯模型也有局限性,其只考虑了温度应力对物质的化学与物理变化的影响。实际上,很多的失效案例,除了温度之外,还与此时的工作电压、环境湿度、机械应力等非温度的因素有关。


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