尖峰电压吸收电路

Release time:2024-08-28
author:AMEYA360
source:网络
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  尖峰电压

  电压尖峰的特点是持续数十微妙及高达几百伏的电压,由雷击或负载阶跃的感应耦合产生,属于浪涌电压里的一种。电机、电容器和功率转换设备(如变速驱动器)是产生尖峰电压的主要因素。

  通俗的说,就是在系统电压不稳,或者突然来电的时候,由于电子元件的电感、电容等元件的作用,会导致在系统中产生比正常工作的电压高许多甚至几倍十几倍的瞬间高电压,这个高电压的最高值就尖峰电压。

  电压尖峰是电感续流引起的:

  引起电压尖峰的电感可能是:变压器漏感、线路分布电感、器件等效模型中的感性成分等;

  引起电压尖峰的电流可能是:拓扑电流、二极管反向恢复电流、不恰当的谐振电流等。

  减小电压尖峰

  减少电压尖峰的主要措施有:

  (1)减少可能引起电压尖峰的电感,比如漏感、布线电感等;

  (2)减少可能引起电压尖峰的电流,比如二极管反向恢复电流等;

  (3)将上述电感能量转移到别处。

  采取上述措施后电压尖峰仍然不能接受,才考虑吸收电路。

  尖峰吸收缓冲电路简单的缓冲电路是对冲击尖峰电流而言,电流尖峰的成因如下:

  (1)二极管(包括体二极管)反向恢复电流;

  (2)电容的充放电电流。这些电容可能是:电路分布电容、变压器绕组等效分布电容、设计不恰当的吸收电容、设计不恰当的谐振电容、器件的等效模型中的电容成分等。

  缓冲的基本方法:在冲击电流尖峰的路径上串入某种类型的电感,常见于BUCK电路中。注:由于缓冲电感的串入会显著增加吸收的工作量,因此缓冲电路一般需要与吸收电路配合使用;缓冲电路延缓了导通电流冲击,可实现某种程度的软开通(ZIS)。

尖峰电压吸收电路

  尖峰电压吸收电路主要有三种设计方案:

  (1)利用齐纳二极管和超快恢复二极管(SRD)组成齐纳钳位电路;

  (2)利用阻容元件和超快恢复二极管组成的R、C、SRD软钳位电路;

  (3)由阻容元件构成RC缓冲吸收电路。

尖峰电压吸收电路

  在开关电源电路中,通常经过稳压器7805后,在大的电解电容旁边加一个小的瓷片电容,小的电容滤除高的 dV/dt 尖峰电压。

尖峰电压吸收电路

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