汽车氧传感器的作用 汽车氧传感器的工作原理

Release time:2023-11-01
author:AMEYA360
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  汽车氧传感器的工作原理氧传感器安装在排气歧管上,它可以检测废气中的氧气浓度,据此计算空燃比,并将结果传送到ECU。例如:1、废气中氧气浓度高当废气中氧气的百分比很大时,ECU将据此判定空燃比大,即混合气很稀。2、废气中氧气浓度低当废气中氧气的百分比很小时,ECU将据此判定空燃比小,即混合气很浓。

汽车氧传感器的作用  汽车氧传感器的工作原理

  一、汽车氧传感器的工作原理

  氧传感器安装在排气歧管上,它可以检测废气中的氧气浓度,据此计算空燃比,并将结果传送到ECU。

  例如:

  1、废气中氧气浓度高

  当废气中氧气的百分比很大时,ECU将据此判定空燃比大,即混合气很稀。

  2、废气中氧气浓度低

  当废气中氧气的百分比很小时,ECU将据此判定空燃比小,即混合气很浓。温度高于300℃时,所采用的陶瓷材料,用作氧化铁的导体。在此条件下,如果传感器两侧氧的百分比含量不同,就会在两端产生电压变化 。两种环境(空气侧和排气侧)中不同含氧量的测量值的这种变化告诉ECU,在排气中剩余的氧含量,对保证燃烧有害废气生成是不合适的百分比。陶瓷材料在低于300℃温度时是非线性的,因而传感器不输送有用信号。ECU有一个特殊功能,即在暧机时(开环运转)停止对混合气的调整。传感器装有加热元件以尽快达到工作温度。当电流流过加热元件时,它缩短了使陶瓷成为铁的导体的时间,而且使得传感器可以装在排气管较后的部位。

  在三元催化净化器中,ECU利用来自氧传感器的数据,调节空燃比,但其方法EFI装置各标准化油器多少有些不同。

  在EFI装置中,EFI的ECU通过增减从喷油喷入气缸的燃油量,调节空燃比。如果ECU从氧传感器检测到混合气太浓,就会逐渐减少燃油喷射量,于是混合气就变稀了。实际空燃比因此变得比理论空燃比大些(稀些)。发生这种情况时,ECU通过氧传感器测出这个事实,就会开始逐渐增加喷射量。这样,空燃比就会娈得低些(浓些)直到低于理论空燃比。于是,这样循环反复,ECU主浊以这种方式,不断地增减空燃比,使实际空燃比接近理论空燃比。

  在使用化油器的装置中,是用调节进入进气口的空气量调节空燃比。混合气通常保持略浓理论空燃比。ECU内氧传感器不断得到空燃比的信息,并要据实际空燃比操纵EBCU(电控进气阀)调节进入化油器进气口的空气量。如果混合气太浓,就允许较多空气进入,使其变稀:如果混合气太稀,就允许较少空气进入,使其变浓些。


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