压电效应的原理 压电效应的应用

Release time:2023-02-17
author:Ameya360
source:网络
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  压电效应是某些电介质在沿一定方向上受到外力的作用而变形时,其内部会产生极化现象,同时在它的两个相对表面上出现正负相反的电荷。当外力去掉后,它又会恢复到不带电的状态,这种现象称为正压电效应。今天Ameya360电子元器件采购网讲给大家介绍一下“压电效应的原理以及压电效应的应用”。

压电效应的原理 压电效应的应用

  一、压电效应的原理

  压电效应的原理是,如果对压电材料施加压力,它便会产生电位差(称之为正压电效应),反之施加电压,则产生机械应力(称为逆压电效应)。如果压力是一种高频震动,则产生的就是高频电流。而高频电信号加在压电陶瓷上时,则产生高频声信号(机械震动),这就是我们平常所说的超声波信号。也就是说,压电陶瓷具有机械能与电能之间的转换和逆转换的功能,这种相互对应的关系确实非常有意思。

  压电材料可以因机械变形产生电场,也可以因电场作用产生机械变形,这种固有的机-电耦合效应使得压电材料在工程中得到了广泛的应用。例如,压电材料已被用来制作智能结构,此类结构除具有自承载能力外,还具有自诊断性、自适应性和自修复性等功能,在未来的飞行器设计中占有重要的地位。

  二、压电效应的应用

  压电材料的应用领域可以粗略分为两大类:即振动能和超声振动能-电能换能器应用,包括电声换能器,水声换能器和超声换能器等,以及其它传感器和驱动器应用。

  1、换能器

  2、压电驱动器

  3、传感器上的应用

  压电式压力传感器

  压电式加速度传感器

  4、在机器人接近觉中的应用(超声波传感器)

  压电材料除了以上用途外还有其它相当广泛的应用。如鉴频器、压电震荡器、变压器、滤波器等。


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