IGBT是什么

Release time：2023-09-13
author：AMEYA360
source：网络
reading：2483

　　IGBT是“Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor”的首字母缩写，中文名称是“绝缘栅双极晶体管”。通过结合MOSFET和双极晶体管，IGBT成为同时具备这两种器件优点的功率晶体管。IGBT有N沟道型和P沟道型两种，本文中以目前主流的N沟道型为例展开介绍。

　　N沟道IGBT的电路图符号及其等效电路如下。有些等效电路图会更详细一些，但这里为了便于理解，给出的是相对简单的示意图。包括结构在内，实际的产品会更复杂一些。有关结构等的详细内容将在后续文章中介绍。

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　　IGBT具有栅极、集电极、发射极3个引脚。栅极与MOSFET相同，集电极和发射极与双极晶体管相同。IGBT与MOSFET一样通过电压控制端口，在N沟道型的情况下，对于发射极而言，在栅极施加正电压时，集电极-发射极导通，流过集电极电流。我们将另行介绍其工作和驱动方法。

　　IGBT是结合了MOSFET和双极晶体管优点的晶体管。MOSFET由于栅极是隔离的，因此具有输入阻抗高、开关速度较快的优点，但缺点是在高电压时导通电阻较高。双极晶体管即使在高电压条件下导通电阻也很低，但存在输入阻抗低和开关速度慢的缺点。通过弥补这两种器件各自的缺点，IGBT成为一种具有高输入阻抗、高开关速度*、即使在高电压条件下也能实现低导通电阻的晶体管。

　　*开关速度比MOSFET慢，但比双极晶体管快。


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